The European Commission is taking the United Kingdom to the Court of Justice of the European Union for its failure to propose sites for the protection of the harbour porpoise, a marine mammal regularly found in UK waters.

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is a small whale closely related to the family of oceanic dolphins which stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familiar porpoise to whale watchers.

The EU Habitats Directive requires Member States to propose a list of sites for a number of species and habitat types, ensuring their protection from threats which could seriously harm them and to maintain and restore them in a favourable status in the whole of the EU by taking the conservation measures needed.

Due to the unfavourable status of the harbour porpoises in the EU, 13 Member States, other than the UK, have designated sites for its protection in about 200 Natura 2000 sites. The UK has so far formally proposed only one small site in Northern Ireland (the Skerries and Causeway Special Area of Conservation) and one site in Scotland (the Inner Hebrides and Minches Special Area of Conservation).

In the Commission’s view as the UK has an extensive marine area, it has a particular responsibility for the protection of this species. The Commission said it has “repeatedly urged” the British authorities to fulfil their key obligations for the conservation of the species, as other Member States have done already.

The latest action follows a letter of formal notice sent to the UK government in June 2013 and a reasoned opinion sent in October 2014.

According to the EC, while the UK has recently conducted a public consultation on a number of potential sites in English and Welsh waters and this month formally proposed one site in Scottish waters, more needs to be done.

The Commission said the UK’s continued failure to propose and designate sufficient sites leaves the areas where the species occurs in greatest densities without the protection required. This refers in particular to the requirement to carry out adequate assessments of potentially damaging developments or activities, such as from offshore wind farm construction, oil and gas exploration and fishing.